What is SQL Injection?
SQL injection is a type of attack where an attacker is able to insert or "inject" malicious SQL code into a query. This happens when a web application fails to properly sanitize user inputs before using them in SQL queries. The malicious SQL code then gets executed by the database, potentially giving the attacker control over the database or the web application itself.
For instance, in a vulnerable login form, an attacker might be able to enter a specially crafted input into a username or password field that manipulates the SQL query, allowing them to bypass authentication and gain unauthorized access to the system.
How Does SQL Injection Work?
To understand how SQL injection works, it's important to first understand how web applications interact with databases. Most web applications use SQL (Structured Query Language) to query databases and retrieve or manipulate data. A typical query might look something like this:
sql``SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = 'john' AND password = 'password123';!
When an application receives user input, such as a username and password, it incorporates this information into a query. If the input isn't properly sanitized, an attacker can craft input that alters the SQL query. For example:
sql' OR '1'='1'; --
In this case, if the attacker enters this as the username or password, the resulting SQL query becomes:
sql SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = '' OR '1'='1' AND password = ''; --';
The injected ' OR '1'='1' condition always evaluates to true, allowing the attacker to bypass authentication and gain access to the system. The -- at the end is a comment marker in SQL, which effectively ignores the rest of the query, ensuring that the malicious part is executed successfully.
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